Leiter Reports: A Philosophy Blog

Florida purports to bar faculty from testifying in a voting rights trial--is it legal?

Governor Ron DeSantis of Florida, the clean-cut Trumpian face of the Republican Party's future, has now moved to block faculty at the University of Florida from testifying in a case brought against the Republican attempt to prevent the "wrong" people from voting:

Three University of Florida professors have been barred from assisting plaintiffs in a lawsuit to overturn the state’s new law restricting voting rights, lawyers said in a federal court filing on Friday. The ban is an extraordinary limit on speech that raises questions of academic freedom and First Amendment rights.

University officials told the three that because the school was a state institution, participating in a lawsuit against the state “is adverse to U.F.’s interests” and could not be permitted....

The university’s refusal to allow the professors to testify was a marked turnabout for the University of Florida. Like schools nationwide, the university has routinely allowed academic experts to offer expert testimony in lawsuits, even when they oppose the interests of the political party in power.

Great moments in obscure rock 'n' roll: Les Variations, "Completely Free," 1969

We featured this French rock band (all Jews of Moroccan extraction) earlier this year; here's another hard blues rock number from their debut album:

 

PGR surveys scheduled to close this Monday, Nov. 1....

...at 11:59 pm Mountain time.  So if you've been procrastinating on your invitation, now is the time to complete the survey, and join the list of evaluators that have already completed the surveys, including Ted Sider, Brian Skyrms, David Enoch, Hanna Pickard, Cheryl Misak, John Hawthorne, David Wallace, Verity Harte, Shelly Kagan, Paul Guyer, Allen Wood, Lauren Ross, Al Mele, Ian Rumfitt, David Schmidtz, Jim Joyce, Jill North, Jaimie Dreier, Steven Crowell, Johann  Frick, Ian Phillips, Amanda Greene, Lee Braver, Alan Nelson, Eric Schwitzgebel, Justin Tiwald, Peter Carruthers, Lara Buchak, Daniel Stoljar, and many others!

When the current US Supreme Court strikes down race-conscious admissions procedures...

...which they will almost certainly do in the next couple of years, the Court will, oddly enough, in this instance have majority sentiment on its side, if not elite opinion:  opposition to using race and ethnicity as factors in admissions decisions for colleges is quite widespread.  More than 60% of Blacks, Hispanics, and Democrats say race or ethnicity should not be a factor at all in admissions.   (Philosopher Thomas Mulligan [Georgetown] has called attention to this striking fact previously.)

Applying to PhD programs: how one leading PhD program looks at applications

Philosopher Alex Guerrero (Rutgers) shares some useful information, most of which rings true to me. 

(One additional note, regarding applicants with publications in good journals:  Professor Guerrero tells me on FB that about 5-8% of applicants to Rutgers have publications, but many of those are coming out of terminal MA programs or transferring from other PhD programs.  You do not need publications to be admitted to an excellent PhD program like Rutgers!  I've written in recent years for several students who were admitted to top five PhD programs, and none of them had publications in good philosophy journals; they did, of course, have strong academic records and good writing samples!)

Comments are open for philosophy faculty who want to add anything to Professor Guerrero's advice; signed comments only (full name and valid email address).

Texas legislator draws up list of 850 books dealing with race and sexuality...

...that could cause "discomfort" (or maybe even "feelings of exclusion" or "harm"?).

Brad Rosenheim (South Florida) and Dawn Sumner (UC Davis) are enemies of academic freedom

Two other choices quotes from the Boston Globe article about MIT faculty protesting the shabby treatment of Professor Abbot:

Brad Rosenheim, associate professor of oceanography at the University of South Florida, said EAPS did the right thing because Abbot’s opinionsconflict with the department’s official stand on diversity, equity, and inclusion. “It’s almost schizophrenic, in a way, to have a diversity statement and to invite somebody who espouses these views,” Rosenheim said.

The problem wasn’t Abbot’s political opinions, Rosenheim said. Rather, it’s the fact that he has so openly expressed them.“I could invite somebody else who has the same views as Dorian Abbot, but hasn’t written a Newsweek piece and hasn’t promulgated videos of it on the Internet,” Rosenheim said.

Philosopher Kathleen Stock resigns her position at the University of Sussex

The Guardian's coverage is here.   This, alas, will be taken as a victory by the miscreants, even though, as the news article makes clear, Professor Stock had the full support of the University.

UPDATE:   Professor Stock was advised by police to stay away from campus and install security devices at her home, as a result of the latest "student" protests against her views; this was the culmination of a years-long campaign of denunciations by other Sussex academics, philosophy faculty and students in the UK and abroad, and unrelenting toxic abuse and lies on Twitter.  Professor Stock is a parent, as well as an academic; all of this must have been horrifying and frightening at times.  Despite this, the cruelty and viciousness of "professional" philosophers can't even take a break when she finally resigns her position.  Here is Professor Bryan Van Norden of Vassar College--a serious scholar who lost his mind in the last few years--purporting to explain why Professor Stock resigned her position:

Dozens of MIT faculty protest the cancellation of Professor Abbot's lecture because of his views on diversity

This Boston Globe article is behind a paywall, but here's the key bit:

Hal Abelson, a professor of electrical engineering and computer science who signed the letter, said he had assumed that the university tolerated strong disagreement. “I thought that’s the way MIT operates,” Abelson said, “so I was really surprised at this.”

Abelson called the cancellation “an insult” and said the university should apologize to Abbot.

In Memoriam: Lilli Alanen (1941-2021)

MOVING TO FRONT FROM YESTERDAY--UPDATED AND DOB CORRECTED

A leading scholar of early modern philosophy (especially Descartes), Professor Alanen was emerita at Uppsala University.  She also did work in feminist philosophy.  I will add links to memorial notices as they appear.

(Thanks to Dan Kaufman [Colorado] for alerting me to her passing.)

UPDATE:   The Uppsala memorial notice.  (Thanks to Sebastian Luz and Pauliina Remes for the pointer.)

Diversity statements, again--this time in PhD admissions

The University of California system has been using unlawful diversity statements in some of its faculty searches, as we have discussed previously, but some PhD programs also require them from applicants for admission.  Those are also likely unlawful.  There is a public interest legal foundation interested in representing plaintiffs (without charge) who have been rejected for PhD admission at a UC campus (or a public university campus elsewhere with a similar requirement) and suspect it was because of an inadequate "diversity" statement (e.g., because you wrote about intellectual diversity, without mentioning race or gender).  If you were admitted to comparable or stronger programs that did not require diversity statements that is certainly relevant to whether you were rejected for illegal reasons.  Please contact the attorney Daniel Ortner with questions.

I want to reiterate that you can support affirmative action (as I do for certain groups), and still categorically reject "loyalty" oaths as a condition of employment or admission.

"Causation with a Human Face"

The philosopher of science James Woodward (Pittsburgh) discusses his new book at The Brains Blog.

Blast from the past: MA students and PhD applications

Back in 2010, with comments from readers.

Responses to some of the misinformation (and in some cases, outright lies) about Kathleen Stock

This is useful. It won't convince the zealots, but it may be helpful for those watching from outside the toxic polarization that dominates Twitter.

Cancel culture, redux

It's certainly pathetic when right-wingers only give attention to free expression issues when it's their ox being gored, but it's even more pathetic when those nominally on the left pretend that there aren't serious problems with free expression in the academy and the broader culture emerging from the neoliberal identity-politics movement.   This article is a good antidote to the latter group of dissemblers; an excerpt:

Critics of the idea of “cancel culture” have a point when they argue that pushback against speech and expression we find morally offensive is a vital part of free speech. While disinvitations should be avoided on principle, there is nothing wrong with forcefully arguing that a college campus should not extend a speaking invitation to a far-right hate peddler like Ann Coulter or a progressive [sic] white-guilt grifter like Robin DiAngelo. Likewise, while taking down published articles should be a no-no except in case of egregious factual errors, plagiarism, or other misconduct, it’s not illiberal to argue that respected media outlets should not platform certain odious views, whether they’re unabashedly racist anti-immigration tirades or arguments that sexual liberation should extend to pedophiles. But it also seems clear that in a liberal society, the range of truly “cancelable” viewpoints should remain as narrow as possible, and the lines should be very carefully drawn.

PGR surveys, reminder

Professor Pynes asked me to remind those who took the surveys in 2014 or 2017 of the following:  "University systems have become far more aggressive in blocking external emails," especially those with embedded links.  Professor Pynes asks that "folks who have participated in the past, who haven't gotten an invitation, but want to participate [should] contact me directly at [email protected].  I can send a link back via my .edu email and it should make it through."  

The 2021 survey is currently scheduled to close on Monday, November 1 at 11:59 pm Mountain time in the U.S. 

Blast from the past: Janiak & Mercer on forgotten early modern female philosophers

Back in 2015, with some discussion in the comments as well.

Right-wing newspapers have a selective interest in freedom of expression, part 373

The Washington Free Beacon broke a story about a diversity bureaucrat gone mad at Yale Law School, and yesterday ran a follow-up on the reaction of legal academics.  It included this quote:

Martha Nussbaum, a left-wing legal theorist at the University of Chicago, said it "would be appalling and chilling" for any administrator to suggest that "the Federalist Society is per se racist," as Yale Law School diversity director Yassen Eldik alleged. Nussbaum's Chicago colleague Brian Leiter—who has argued that future generations are "doomed" if America does not one day embrace socialism—agreed, telling the Free Beacon that "Yale has some serious academic freedom and free expression problems."

What I actually told the reporter was this:  "Between DEI administrators running amok, and rich donors meddling in courses,  I would say Yale has some serious academic freedom and free expression problems!"  No mention of the latter in the story, which is, in fact, the much more serious recent violation exposed at Yale.

Spinoza and religion

Interesting  book review at the TLS.

Richard Marshall interviews Friedrich Nietzsche (Basel, retired)...

...at 3:16 AM.  Nietzsche is in fine form! Richard really brings out the best in his interviewees.

Is it even lawful to consider "diversity" in hiring?

MOVING TO FRONT FROM APRIL 9, SINCE TIMELY AGAIN (ALSO SEE THE INSTRUCTIVE DISCUSSION IN THE COMMENTS)

In a discussion of the earlier poll, one junior faculty member asked:

I was a bit surprised to see so many people admit to doing more than #1 [i.e,. outreach to candidates from underrepresented groups]. My impression was that even #2 [using "diversity" as a tie-breaker] violates most universities' nondiscrimination policies and was illegal in the U.S. I wonder if some legally or other institutionally informed readers might be able to shed some light here.

Title VII says that "an unlawful employment practice is established when the complaining party demonstrates that race, color, religion, sex, or national origin was a motivating factor for any employment practice, even though other factors also motivated the practice" (https://www.eeoc.gov/statutes/title-vii-civil-rights-act-1964). The Department of Labor says that universities' affirmative action obligations as federal subcontractors do not allow "the use of race to be weighed as one factor among many in an individual’s application when rendering hiring, employment or personnel decisions, as racial preferences of any kind are prohibited under the authorities administered by OFCCP" (https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ofccp/faqs/AAFAQs). What am I missing here?

Apart from the legal issue, my own institution's DEI compliance office has told me that it violates our university's nondiscrimination policies to consider a candidate's race or gender once they have applied, even as a "tiebreaker." That's why HR doesn't pass that information along to hiring committees. I would be interested to hear whether individuals or departments who practice #2 or #3 have actually consulted their compliance offices about this, and what their institutions' policies are.

I put this question to Professor Michael Selmi, a leading employment law and civil rights expert, now at Arizona State University.  He kindly gave permission to share his answer:

White's Professorship in Moral Philosophy at Oxford endowed and renamed

Oxford's announcement is here.  Some friends on FB were puzzled that the endowment wasn't used to create a new Chair.  I suspect the explanation is that the White's Professorship was not endowed at all, but supported by regular university funds, and that this endowment will take some of the strain off of Oxford's budget, which is very strained post-Brexit.   2.8 million euros in endowment will produce spendable income of about 80-100,000 euros per year, which would likely cover half or more of salary for the position.  Comments are open for readers who may know more.

ADDENDUM:  As pointed out in the comments, the endowment is in GBP, not euros, so the income from the endowment is likely to support more like half to two-thirds of the salary.

Richard Marshall interviews Anna Alexandrova (Cambridge)...

...at 3:16 AM.

Carl Schmitt in China...

...or why the CCP is interested in Schmitt.

(Thanks to Matt Kramer for the pointer.)

UPDATE:  A PhD student with a special interest in China writes with some useful perspective:

Great moments in obscure rock 'n' roll: Tractor, "Make the Journey," 1972

British psychedelic/space rock band, whose style was probably a few years too late.  Still, this song surely would have been a sensation in the summer of 1968 (especially if they cut the last few minutes!):

 

Contra Ibsen, the majority isn't *always* wrong

And this is a majority in the Benighted States of America, no less:

A broad majority of Americans — more than 6 in 10 — believes the Supreme Court bases its decisions more on the justices’ political views than on the Constitution and law, a national survey released Wednesday shows....

What is it like to be a philosopher? Mike Huemer (Colorado) edition

MOVING TO FRONT FROM OCTOBER 14--UPDATED

Here.  An amusing interview, as one would expect.  He thinks there's not enough substantive philosophy on blogs like this one, but I guess the evidence suggests that trying to do actual philosophy on blogs doesn't always go well!

UPDATE:  Philosopher Colin McGinn responds to an allegation in Huemer's interview.  (Thanks to David Gordon for the pointer.)

Blast from the past: What is philosophy?

Peter Hacker's take, back in 2013, with a discussion.

A neuroscientist on "the self"

Anil Seth (Sussex) discusses his view at IAITV.

Richard Marshall's email was hacked earlier today, but he's now got it back under control

This is his btinternet.com address, but the hackers inserted a 75 in it.  If you reply to the hacker's email, you'll get a reply from a gmail address looking for $$$ for a "gift"!  Don't reply if you got one of these.

Lord Devlin's elderly daughter accuses him of sexually abusing her as a child

Story here.  Devlin is best-known in philosophical and jurisprudential circles for defending the view (against H.L.A. Hart) that the criminal law should concern itself with "immorality," even when no one was harmed.  At issue then was the criminalization of homosexuality, which was legalized shortly thereafter in Britain.  In  light of this revelation, one might surmise that there was more than a little reaction formation going on with Devlin's side of the debate.

Classroom policies/strategies for free expression and inclusion?

Philosopher Jason Swartwood (Saint Paul College) writes:

As a reader of your blog, I appreciate the discussions of free expression and academic freedom that often take place there.  One aspect I haven't seen much discussion of is classroom policies in which instructors explicitly state and discuss with students the value of free expression in their classroom so as to encourage productive discussion.  Since I teach mostly controversial topics (in Ethics, Bioethics, and Feminist Philosophy courses, especially), I find it very helpful to explicitly discuss what will be our shared standards on the first day of class.  This has so far (fingers crossed!) helped students deal productively with their discomfort even when we're discussing things such as (to pick probably the most inflammatory examples) gender critical views of gender or Tuvel's transracialism analogy.  

I thought it would be nice to have a discussion of what other faculty do to proactively head-off misguided attempts to stifle free expression in the classroom while also promoting an inclusive classroom atmosphere.  As an example of what I mean, I have a classroom policy I use posted on my website, along with exercises I do on the first day to get students talking about it.  Given the volatile climate we live in, I thought it would be useful to share ideas about how we proactively promote and model important values like free expression and inclusion.

Comments are open for suggestions and ideas from readers.

Still more on Professor Stock's situation at Sussex

This bit from the article was especially striking:

Three of Stock’s four fellow professors of philosophy at Sussex told me that they supported her academic freedom, but none would say so publicly, despite more than 200 UK academic philosophers signing an open letter supporting Stock’s and others’ “right to raise concerns on this matter”.

MIT debacle makes the NY Times

One thing the article (and the letter from the Provost) make clear is that the leadership at MIT just don't get it.  An excerpt (and do see, below the fold, the astonishing comments of Professor Phoebe Cohen of Williams College):

“Besides freedom of speech, we have the freedom to pick the speaker who best fits our needs,” said Robert van der Hilst, the head of the department at M.I.T. “Words matter and have consequences.”

Ever more fraught arguments over speech and academic freedom on American campuses have moved as a flood tide into the sciences. Biology, physics, math: All have seen fierce debates over courses, hiring and objectivity, and some on the academic left have moved to silence those who disagree on certain questions.

A few fields have purged scientific terms and names seen by some as offensive, and there is a rising call for “citational justice,” arguing that professors and graduate students should seek to cite more Black, Latino, Asian and Native American scholars and in some cases refuse to acknowledge in footnotes the research of those who hold distasteful views....

Blast from the past: Ted Honderich, persona non grata

Back in 2005, with some interesting comments from readers.

Interesting perspective on the growth of academic bureaucracy and other woes

Revisiting a 1971 book by the sociologist Robert Nisbet.

Hi-Phi Nation is starting a series of podcasts on David Lewis

You can listen to the first one here.

No wonder Schopenhauer was a pessimist!

This is the famous letter to a young Arthur from his Mom:

Nietzsche blog

For those interested, there are (finally) a couple of new posts, including the updated annual guide to post-graduate studies.

SSHRC (the major research funding source in Canada) now requiring "diversity" in "research questions, methods, theoretical frameworks, literature reviews, analyses, and the interpretation and dissemination of findings"

MOVING TO FRONT FROM OCTOBER 15 (first posted October 13)--INTERESTING DISCUSSION CONTINUES IN THE COMMENTS

A philosopher in Canada called to my attention this development, which would seem to have a significant impact on academic freedom.   As this philosopher wrote:

I'm not opposed to thoughtful projects on topics related to diversity in various ways, but I worry that a requirement like this for *all* proposals is going to drastically reduce (if not eliminate) the funds given to great projects that just happen to have nothing to do with diversity.

Lots of my colleagues in Canada are terrified to say anything publicly about this that even resembles mild criticism (myself included). I'm hoping you might draw some attention to this issue on your blog.

One of the strange things about this initiative is that Canadian law is not beholden to "diversity" the way American law is since Bakke.  Why not just specify that a certain amount of SSHRC funding will go to certain minority groups, and leave it at that?  Does anyone know what's behind this?  Given the climate of fear that apparently obtains, anonymous posts are fine, but please include a real email address, that will not appear.

Regarding General Powell

A useful reminder.

AFA letter to Michigan about the mistreatment of Professor Sheng

Here (earlier coverage).

Blast from the past: the most important philosopher of the past 200 years?

A poll back in 2009.

Social Epistemology, and the Epistemology of the Media and the Internet

Philosopher Joseph Shieber (Lafayette) has a fair-minded and interesting discussion of my recent paper.  I agree with a number of points he makes, including, as I argue in the paper, for the need for a restored Fairness Doctrine in the traditional media. I think Professor Shieber understates the distinctive contribution of the Internet to mayhem and ignorance (which I discuss, in particular, at pp. 20-23), but that's certainly arguable.

After a two-year hiatus...

...my homepage is updated, for anyone who's interested--that includes talks (many of which were obviously derailed by the pandemic), video and audio interviews, former students, etc.

AFA sends second letter to MIT after MIT Provost tries to rationalize cancellation of Professor Abbot's lecture because of his "incorrect" views about diversity

The new AFA letter is here, and the MIT Provost's letter is here.  The Provost really doesn't get it.  (Earlier coverage.)

Cambridge University Press merged with "Cambridge Assessment" (which produces exams)

Official announcement here, although philosopher Richard Eldridge (Swarthmore/Tennessee), who called this to my attention, has heard a report of dozens of layoffs, including the production manager of the journals division.  If readers have more information, comments are open.

More on the SSHRC's "diversity" initiative

Philosopher Jason Bell (New Brunswick) writes:

I appreciate your note about SSHRC.

I am a philosopher on SSHRC review committees.

I am worried that this new scoring component will discriminate against philosophers who examine non-diverse essences (questions in pure logic; the greater is greater than the lesser for all people, etc). It will favor social sciences in which particular communities are examined. Diverse questions are certainly important, but it is also important to figure out what we share in common.

SSHRC has done valuable work in promoting philosophical research. This new requirement will make this more difficult, in my opinion.

Readers concerned about this might write to some of the key scholars on the SSHRC executive committee --perhaps the chair, the president, and one philosophy professor.  Names and addresses below the fold:

PGR surveys update

PGR surveys went out only about ten days ago, and Professor Pynes tells me there are already more than 150 philosophers who have completed or are in process of completing the survey.  Professor Pynes also tells me, however, that, "University systems have become far more aggressive in blocking external emails," especially those with embedded links.  Professor Pynes asks that "folks who have participated in the past, who haven't gotten an invitation, but want to participate [should] contact me directly at [email protected].  I can send a link back via my .edu email and it should make it through."   People who participated in 2017 or 2014 would all have received invitations this time around.  Do check your spam filters too!

Books with advice about the dissertation stage of a humanities PhD?

MOVING TO FRONT FROM OCTOBER 14--MANY INTERESTING SUGGESTIONS IN THE COMMENTS, MORE WELCOME

Adam Patterson, a PhD student in philosophy at Syracuse University, writes:

I was wondering if you wouldn't mind putting the following question to your readers: what are some good books that are about (and meant to help with) the dissertation phases of a humanities Ph.D.? I'm looking for recommendations, which might be useful to others in a similar position as me.

I'm in the dark about his; comments are open for suggestions.  Please do try to say something about the book (or article) you're recommending.