...according to the "new edition" of Ted Honderich's Oxford Companion to Philosophy (2005). (I should note that I was one of those Professor Honderich consulted on this question, though I can't now very well recall what I told him [other than that Kit Fine and Timothy Williamson needed to be added], or how many of my suggestions--for additions or deletions--survived.)
I've organized the list of living philosophers deemed worthy of entries by decade of birth starting in the 1930s. There is a certain UK-centric bias to the choices, though things don't get utterly idiosyncratic until we get to the 1950s--not because of the inclusions, but the omissions.
1930s
Robert M. Adams (b. 1937) (Yale University [emeritus]; doing some teaching currently at Oxford University)
Nuel Belnap, Jr. (b. 1930) (University of Pittsburgh; not a separate entry, but an entry for "Anderson and Belnap").
Brian Barry (b. 1936) (Columbia University)
Jonathan Bennett (b. 1930) (Syracuse University [emeritus])
Myles Burnyeat (b. 1939) (Oxford University)
Fred I. Dretske (b. 1932) (Stanford University [emeritus]; part-time these days at Duke University)
Ronald Dworkin (b. 1931) (New York University and University College London [emeritus]).
Jerry Fodor (b. 1935) (Rutgers University, New Brunswick)
Robert Fogelin (b. 1932) (Dartmouth College [emeritus])
Dagfinn Follesdal (b. 1932) (Stanford University and University of Oslo)
David Gauthier (b. 1932) (University of Pittsburgh [emeritus])
Alvin I. Goldman (b. 1938) (Rutgers University, New Brunswick)
James Griffin (b. 1933) (Rutgers University, New Brunswick [part-time] and Oxford University [emeritus])
Reinhardt Grossman (b. 1931) (Indiana University, Bloomington [emeritus])
Ian Hacking (b. 1936) (University of Toronto [emeritus])
Gilbert Harman (b. 1938) (Princeton University)
Ted Honderich (b. 1933) (University College London [emeritus])
David B. Kaplan (b. 1933) (University of California, Los Angeles)
Anthony Kenny (b. 1931) (Oxford University [emeritus])
Jaegwon Kim (b. 1934) (Brown University)
Keith Lehrer (b. 1936) (University of Arizona [emeritus])
Hugh Mellor (b. 1938) (Cambridge University [emeritus])
Ruth Garrett Millikan (b. 1933) (University of Connecticut, Storrs [emerita])
Thomas Nagel (b. 1937) (New York University)
Alvin Plantinga (b. 1932) (University of Notre Dame)
Richard M. Rorty (b. 1931) (Stanford University [emeritus])
John R. Searle (b. 1932) (University of California, Berkeley)
Sydney Shoemaker (b. 1931) (Cornell University [emeritus])
Timothy L.S. Sprigge (b. 1932) (University of Edinburgh [emeritus])
Barry Stroud (b. 1935) (University of California, Berkeley)
Charles Taylor (b. 1931) (McGill University [emeritus] and part-time at Northwestern University)
Kendall L. Walton (b. 1939) (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor)
Michael Walzer (b. 1935) (Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton)
David Wiggins (b. 1933) (Oxford University [emeritus])
1940s
Marilyn M. Adams (b. 1943) (Oxford University)
Jonathan Barnes (b. 1942) (University of Paris-Pantheon/Sorbonne)
Simon Blackburn (b. 1944) (Cambridge University)
Ned Block (b. 1942) (New York University)
Tyler Burge (b. 1946) (University of California, Los Angeles)
Nancy Cartwright (b. 1943) (London School of Economics and University of California, San Diego)
Paul Churchland (b. 1942) (University of California, San Diego)
G.A. Cohen (b. 1941) (Oxford University)
Daniel Dennett (b. 1942) (Tufts University)
John Earman (b. 1942) (University of Pittsburgh)
Jon Elster (b. 1940) (Columbia University)
Hartry H. Field (b. 1946) (New York University)
Kit Fine (b. 1946) (New York University)
John M. Finnis (b. 1940) (Oxford University and University of Notre Dame)
Michael Frede (b. 1940) (Oxford University)
Allan Gibbard (b. 1942) (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor)
Jonathan Glover (b. 1941) (King's College, London)
Paul Horwich (b. 1947) (New York University)
Terence H. Irwin (b. 1947) (Cornell University)
Frank Jackson (b. 1943) (Australian National University)
Philip Kitcher (b. 1947) (Columbia University)
Saul Kripke (b. 1940) (City University of New York Graduate Center)
William G. Lycan (b. 1945) (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill)
John McDowell (b. 1942) (University of Pittsburgh)
Martha C. Nussbaum (b. 1947) (University of Chicago)
Onora O'Neill (b. 1941) (Cambridge University)
David Papineau (b. 1947) (King's College, London)
Derek Parfit (b. 1942) (Oxford University and [part-time] at Harvard, NYU, and Rutgers)
Joseph Raz (b. 1941) (Oxford University and Columbia University)
Janet Radcliffe Richards (b. 1944) (King's College, London)
Mark Sainsbury (b. 1943) (University of Texas, Austin and [summer sessions] King's College, London)
T.M. Scanlon (b. 1940) (Harvard University)
Richard L. Schacht (b. 1941) (University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign)
Stephen Schiffer (b. 1940) (New York University)
Peter Singer (b. 1946) (Princeton University and Monash University)
Ernest Sosa (b. 1940) (Brown University and Rutgers University, New Brunswick)
Robert C. Stalnaker (b. 1940) (Massachussetts Institute of Technology)
Stephen P. Stich (b. 1944) (Rutgers University, New Brunswick)
Bas C. van Frassen (b. 1941) (Princeton University)
Crispin Wright (b. 1942) (University of St. Andrews and [part-time] New York University)
1950s
Robert Brandom (b. 1950) (University of Pittsburgh)
John Campbell (b. 1956) (University of California, Berkeley [until recently, Oxford University])
Jennifer Hornsby (b. 1951) (Birkbeck College, University of London)
Shelly Kagan (b. 1954) (Yale University)
Christine M. Korsgaard (b. 1952) (Harvard University)
Colin McGinn (b. 1950) (University of Miami [until recently, Rutgers University at New Brunswick])
Christopher Peacocke (b. 1950) (Columbia University [before that NYU, and before that, Oxford])
Timothy Williamson (b. 1955) (Oxford University)
1960s
David Chalmers (b. 1966) (Australian National University [before that, Arizona]
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I'm pleased, of course, to see distinguished and meritorious PGR Advisory Board members like Chalmers, Williamson, Kagan, Wright, Stich, Sosa, Sainsbury, Block, Harman, and Goldman profiled. And Terence Irwin is most deserving, but where are Julia Annas and John Cooper? And Dick Schacht, to be sure, but what about Allen Wood and Raymond Geuss? John Campbell and Paul Churchland and William Lycan, very fine choices indeed, but what about Susan Hurley and Michael Tye? A few others whose contributions to our discipline are certainly comparable to many of those profiled: Philip Pettit, Thomas Hurka, Larry Laudan, Alasdair MacIntyre, Peter van Inwagen, Peter Railton, Martin Davies, Richard Sorabji, Elliott Sober, Michael Friedman, Arthur Fine.
But these are quibbles. Any such selection is bound to reflect parochial bias of one kind or another. What is more notable is that most of the entries on these figures are, within the brief space accorded, informative and useful thumbnail sketches. And the Oxford Companion is full of other interesting entries, on which I'll comment in the near future.
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